Urology is the branch of medicine that focuses on the study, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases of the urinary tract and genital organs of both males and females. A urologist is a physician who has received training in surgery and in the field of urology. Urologists care for patients with urinary tract and genital diseases using medical treatment, surgical treatment, or both.

A urologist is trained to treat illnesses such as kidney and bladder stones, male infertility, urinary incontinence, infections and tumors of the urinary tract, diseases of the prostate, malformations of the urinary tract and impotence. A few examples of some of the specialized procedures a urologist is also qualified to perform are lithotripsy for destruction of stones, vasectomy, circumcision, insertion of penile implants, removal of tumors, laser treatment of the prostate, bladder suspension, pelvic floor reconstruction and laparoscopic procedures.